George Catlin

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Mato-tope (modern Mandan orthography Mató-Tóope, “Four Bears”, from mató 'bear' and tóope 'four', also known as Ma-to-toh-pe, Máh-to-tóh-pa; c. 1784, July 30, 1837) was the second chief of the Mandan tribe to be known as "Four Bears," a name he earned after charging the Assiniboine tribe during battle with the strength of four bears. Four Bears lived in the first half of the 19th century on the upper Missouri River in what is now North Dakota.

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Sha-có-pay is an oil-on-canvas painting from life by American artist George Catlin, from 1832. It depicts an Indigenous American named Sha-có-pay, who was chief of the Plains Ojibwe. It was painted at Fort Union.

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Mato-tope (modern Mandan orthography Mató-Tóope, “Four Bears”, from mató 'bear' and tóope 'four', also known as Ma-to-toh-pe, Máh-to-tóh-pa; c. 1784, July 30, 1837) was the second chief of the Mandan tribe to be known as "Four Bears," a name he earned after charging the Assiniboine tribe during battle with the strength of four bears. Four Bears lived in the first half of the 19th century on the upper Missouri River in what is now North Dakota.

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The Okipa, sometimes rendered as Okeepa or O-kee-pa, was the most important religious ceremony among the Mandan people in what is now North Dakota. The ceremony was a partial retelling and reenactment of Mandan mythology, and was done to provide good fortune and ensure the tribe had plentiful buffalo to hunt. It took place mainly in a ceremonial clearing at the center of a Mandan village and a large earth lodge, known as the Medicine Lodge or Okipa Lodge, dedicated exclusively for the purpose.

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The Comanche, or Nʉmʉnʉʉ (Comanche: Nʉmʉnʉʉ, 'the people'), are a Native American tribe from the Southern Plains of the present-day United States. Comanche people today belong to the federally recognized Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. The Comanche language is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family.

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Kiowa ( KY-ə-wə, -⁠wah) or Ǥáuigú people are a Native American tribe and an Indigenous people of the Great Plains of the United States. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries and eventually into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were forced to a reservation in Southwestern Oklahoma.

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Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769, 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767 to 1835). Humboldt's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography, while his advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement pioneered modern geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring.

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George Catlin ( KAT-lin; July 26, 1796, December 23, 1872) was an American lawyer, painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the American frontier. Traveling to the American West five times during the 1830s, Catlin wrote about and painted portraits that depicted the life of the Plains Indians. His early work included engravings, drawn from nature, of sites along the route of the Erie Canal in New York State.